Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Endocrine system is formed by internal...
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What is Endocrine System?
Endocrine system is formed by internal secretory glands. Internal secretory glands synthesize and secrete hormones. Hormones regulate various activities in our body. Hormones regulate reproduction, metabolism, growth and development. Hormones also control our reaction to the environment and help supply of energy and nutrition sufficient to maintain functions of our body. Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries and testicles, adrenal glands, fat tissue as well as endothelium (cells lining innermost wall of vessels) are secretory glands that form the endocrine system.
Who are Endocrinologists?
Endocrinologist is a specialist dealing with the endocrine system. Endocrinologists diagnose diseases that affect the endocrine glands. They are trained to treat various diseases which are generally complex and affect several systems in our body.
What Do Endocrinologist Deal With?
Endocrinologists diagnose, supervise and treat hormonal imbalances and conditions. Hormonal diseases are numerous, such as: Diabetes mellitus, Thyroid disesaes, Metabolic disorders, over- or under-production of hormones, Menopause, Osteoporosis, Hypertension, diseases of lipid metabolism, Infertility, Growth Retardation (Short stature), tumors of secretory glands, Obesity
What Kind of Medical Education Do Endocrinologists Study?
Endocrinologists study internal medicine specialty education for four or five years following 6 years of medical education. They spend further three years to learn how to diagnose and treat hormonal problems. It takes more than 13 years in total to be an endocrinologist.
Thyroid
Patients with thyroid gland disorders frequently experience problems with energy levels. In addition, they may have other problems, such as muscle stiffness, sensorial deficits, weight control and intolerance to hot or cold. Endocrinologists treat patients with abnormally high thyroid hormone (Hyperthyroidism) secondary to excessive secretion of hormone in thyroid gland or abnormally low thyroid hormone (Hypothyroidism) secondary to insufficient secretion of hormone in thyroid gland. Patients are either given thyroid hormone or a drug to block excessive hormone production in order to balance the hormone synthesis. Endocrinologists are also trained and educated to treat thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer and enlarged thyroid gland (goiter).
Obesity and Overweight
Endocrinologists evaluate overweight and obese patients regarding metabolic and hormonal problems and start them on treatment. Obese people have excessive body fat. Thyroidal, adrenal, ovarian and pituitary disorders may cause obesity. Endocrinologists also evaluate and treat obesity-related insulin resistance and genetic problems.
Hypertension
Hypertension means high blood pressure and it is a risk factor for heart diseases. More than 10% of people are hypertensive due to high aldosteron – a hormone synthesized in the adrenal gland. Approximately half of these cases have diseases which are surgically treatable. Metabolic syndrome or a rare adrenal disorder, pheochromocytoma, cause imbalance of hormones and cause hypertension. All mentioned conditions can be treated successfully.
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